Comparative between Pregnancy Outcomes in Non- versus Vaccinated Females by Covid-19 Vaccine: A Retrospective Comparative Study

Abstract
Background: Over two years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted a significant number of individuals worldwide, emerging as a major public health concern and compelling medical facilities to reorganize their medical departments, including obstetrical and gynecologic services.
Aim of the Work : to retrospectively explore the maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes in COVID-19- vaccinated pregnant women compared with those not receiving COVID-19 vaccine.
Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital (ASUMH). Pregnant women who attended ASUMH for delivery were divided into two groups: Group A consisted of 200 COVID-19 vaccinated women who received at least one vaccine dose six months or more prior to labor (the study group); Group B consisted of an age-matched control group of 200 unvaccinated women.
Results: Our study demonstrated the relation between age and two study groups, the mean age of non-vaccinated group was 27.23 ± 4.78, while it was 27.21 ± 4.66 for vaccinated group without statistically significant difference between two study group as P-value was >0.05. Our study illustrated the relation between pre-eclampsia as a complication and two study groups, the number of patients who had PE within non-vaccinated group were 10 (5%), while they were 9 (4.5%) within vaccinated group without statistically significant difference between two study group as P-value was >0.05. Our study showed the relation between NICU admission as a complication and two study groups, the number of patients who admitted to NICU within non-vaccinated group were 39 (19.5%), while they were 28 (14%) within vaccinated group without statistically significant difference between two study group as P-value was >0.05. Our study demonstrated the relation between preterm labour as a complication and two study groups, the number of patients who had preterm labour within non-vaccinated group were 9 (4.5%), while they were 13 (6.5%) within vaccinated group without statistically significant difference between two study group as P-value was > 0.05.
Conclusion: Given the lack of significant differences in these maternal complications and neonatal outcomes between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, our study supports the safety of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy in terms of it not leading to increased major poor outcomes for mother or baby. More research is still warranted to further establish the risks versus benefits with larger sample sizes.